The ways in which Italy participates in the European regulatory process, the procedures under which Community obligations are enforced and the role played by the Italian Parliament under the principles of subsidiarity, proportionality, efficiency and democratic participation are regulated mainly by Law 24 December 2012 no. 234, which repealed Law 4 February 2005 no. 11. For the sake of clarity, the European business of the Senate, like that of the Chamber, will be divided here into participation in the formation and the enforcement of community law.